What are GFCI Receptacles?
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) receptacles are critical for occupant safety in commercial buildings. As a commercial property inspector, you should know where GFCIs are required, identify visible issues, and test their function to support occupant safety and meet ComSOP requirements.
These devices shut off power instantly if they detect an imbalance between incoming and outgoing electrical current—a sign that electricity may be leaking to ground and posing a shock risk. GFCIs are typically required in areas with water, moisture, or other grounding hazards.
Where to Confirm GFCI Protection is Present?
During a commercial property inspection, common locations where GFCI protection is required include:
- Bathrooms
- Kitchens and food prep areas
- Rooftops and outdoor receptacles
- Basements and crawl spaces
- Utility rooms with sinks or water heaters
- Garages and maintenance or service areas
GFCI Inspection Procedure
Even a functioning GFCI receptacle can present hazards if it’s damaged or improperly installed. During your inspection, ask yourself:
- Is there a cover plate installed and secured?
- Is the outlet flush with the wall or box?
- For exterior units, does the cover appear weather-rated and watertight?
Four Steps to Test GFCI Receptacles
In adherence to the ComSOP, you are required to test all GFCI receptacles and GFCI circuit breakers observed and deemed to be GFCIs using a GFCI tester where possible.
- Plug the GFCI tester into the GFCI outlet.
- Many testers include indicator lights to diagnose wiring conditions and a built-in test button to simulate a ground fault. The indicator lights will display a pattern showing the current wiring status.
- Press the test button on the tester.
- A properly functioning GFCI will immediately trip, cutting power to the receptacle. The lights on the tester should turn off. If the GFCI does not trip, it’s faulty and should be documented.
- Verify the power is off.
- Confirm that power has truly been disconnected. Check the breaker panel and locate the breaker that feeds the outlet. If it has tripped, reset it to return the system to its original state.
- Restore power.
- Return to the receptacle to test it again and verify that it’s back on. Be careful during this process: shutting off a GFCI can affect other systems or equipment downstream, sometimes at a distance from the receptacle itself, especially in large commercial buildings. If it doesn’t reset properly or you have concerns, notify your client and document it in your report.
Remember, as a commercial property inspector, it’s important to know where GFCI outlets are typically required and to help ensure electrical safety throughout the building. There are many types of testers available. Many inspectors carry a simple plug-in model like the one shown in the video, while others may use advanced circuit analyzers for a deeper look at the electrical system (beyond just a pass/fail on GFCI function).
Additional Resources for Commercial Property Inspectors: